Class-6th Chapter-8 (History) Ashoka, the Emperor Who gave up war

Ashoka, the Emperor Who gave up war

Q1. Keywords

1.Empire : Large kingdom where different types of people live in different parts of the kingdom is known as  an empire.

2.Provinces : Big cities of an empire are called provinces.

3.Carved : To cut stones in order to make an object or put a pattern of writing.

4.Inscription: Words that are written on rock and pillars.

5.Dynasty: A family whose members become rulers one after the other.

6.Provincial: Related with one of the large areas that the same countries are divided into.

7.Tribute: Something that you say or do to show that you respect or admire something.

Q2.Make a list of the occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan empire.

Answer:List of the occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan empire:
• Farming
• Herding
• Handicrafts
• Trading
• Hunting-gathering

Q3.Complete the following sentences:

(a)    Officials collected _____________ from the area under the direct control of the ruler.
► tax

(b)    Royal princes often went to the provinces as ________
► governors

(c)    The Mauryan rulers tried to control ____________ and ____________ which were important for transport.
► roads and rivers

(d)   People in forested regions provided the Mauryan officials with __________
► elephant, timbers, honey and wax.

Q4.State whether true or false:

(e)    Ujjain was the gateway to the north-west.
► False

(f)     Chandragupta’s ideas were written down in the Arthashastra.
► False

(g)   Kalinga was the ancient name of Bengal.
► False

(h)   Most Ashokan inscriptions are in the Brahmi script.
► True

Q5.What were the problems that Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing dhamma?

Answer:The problems that Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing dhamma were:
• Religious conflict
• Animal sacrifice
• Ill-treatment of slaves and servants
• Quarrels in families and amongst neighbours.

Q6.What were the means adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of dhamma?

Answer:The means that Ashoka adopted to spread the message ofdhamma were:
• He appointed officials, known as the dhamma mahamatta who went from place to place teaching people about dhamma.
• He got his messages inscribed on rocks and pillars, instructing his officials to read his message to those who could not read it themselves.
• He also  sent messengers to spread ideas about dhamma to other lands, such as Syria, Egypt, Greece and Sri Lanka.

Q7. Why do you think that slaves and servants were ill treated? Do you think the order of the emperor would have improved their condition? Give reasons for your answer.

Ans: Yes, slaves and servants were ill treated in the society because their masters felt superior to them. The masters treated them as animals. It was because of the old ‘Varna’  system.

The emperor’ s orders might have helped them to some extent. Ashoka was a king who was loved by his subjects and they would have allowed him happily.

Q8.Write a short paragraph explaining why the lions are shown on our currency notes. List atleast one other object on which you see it.

Ans: Lion capital at Sarnath has four lions. After India became free this Ashokan capital became India’s National Emblem. These lions are shown on our currency notes in honour of the great king of India, Ashoka. Lion is also a symbol of bravery and strength.

The lion can be seen on the coins and stamp papers also.

Q9.Suppose you have the power to inscribe your orders, what four commands would you like to issue?

Ans: I would like to issue the following commands:

a.     All humans will be treated equally.

b.     No animal will be harmed for religious purpose.

c.     There will be respect and regards for all religions.

d.     Education will be compulsory for all.

Q10.How did Kalinga war bring about a change in the Ashoka’ s attitude towards war?

Ans: Kalinga was the only war that Ashoka fought in his life. About one lakh people were kiiled in this war. He heard the cries of the women and children. He was fiiled with sorrow and remorse when he saw a huge carnage of people and animals. So Ashoka decided to give up warfare and decided to observe  and spread Dhamma.

Q11. In what ways pataliputra is different from Mohanjodaro?

Ans:

	PATALIPUTRA	MOHANJODARO
1.	Kings palaces were made of wood and decorated with stones.	There was no king, so no palace was there.
2.	The whole city was surrounded by the walls.	The city was divided into two parts citadel and Lower town.
3.	Houses were of two or three floors.	Houses were of maximum two floors.
4.	Houses were made of wood, mud and bricks.	Houses were made of brunt bricks.

Q10. Why do you think that the king had special servants to taste food he ate?

Ans : During time of Chandragupta Maurya there were frequent wars to conquer more areas. The other kings sent their spices to know more about the king. The king was always afraid that his life was in danger, so he had special servants who tasted food before he eat so that nobody can mix poison in it.

Q11.Who wrote Arthashastra ?

Ans. Chanakya wrote Arthashastra.

                                        CHAPTER 4 EXTRA QUESTIONS

Q1: Guerilla warfare was started by the Marathas in the deccan during the reign of____________.

Ans:Aurangzeb

Q2: Prince Akbar rebelled against whom?

Ans:Aurangzeb

Q3: Name the Mughal ruler who followed the coparcenary inheritance.

Ans:Humayun

Q4: Mughals permanently lost Qandhar during the reign of ___________.

Ans:Shah Jahan

Q5: In which year the battle of Chanderi was fought?

Ans:1528

Q6: Chittor was the capital of __________.

Ans:Sisodiya Rajputs

Q7: When was the First Battle of Panipat fought?

Ans:1526

Q8: Who wrote Ain-i-Akbari?

Ans:Abul Fazl

Q9: The real name of Nur Jahan, the queen of Jahangir was Mehrunnisa. True/False

Ans:True

Q10: Who constructed Fatehpur-Sikri?

Ans:Akbar

Q11: What is the name of the policy of peaceful co-existence adopted by Akbar?

Ans:Sulh-i-kul

Q12: The dynasty, which reigned India for maximum number of years was Mughal. True/False

Ans:True

Q13: Name the Rajput clan that refused to accept the suzerainty of Mughals for a long time.

Ans:Sisodiya

Q14: The immediate threat in the year 1500 to the Mughal authority was the _________.

Ans:Afghans

Q15: Red Fort in Delhi was constructed by__________.

Ans:Shah Jahan

Q16: Who was Bairam Khan?

Ans:guardian of Akbar

Q17: What was the real name of Mughal Emperor Shahjahan?

Ans:Khurram

Q18: Afghan noble Khan Jahan Lodi was defeated by Akbar?

Ans:False

Q19: Name The Mughal emperor who seized power from the hands of his regent Bairam Khan.

Ans:Akbar

Q20: Who was the first Mughal emperor?

Ans:Babar

Q21: Akbar became emperor at the age of ______ years.

Ans:13 years

Q22: What do you understand by Zabt?

Ans:revenue system

Q23: Qandhar was the bone of contention between Mughals and ________.

Ans:Safavids

Q24: Jahangir struck silver coins bearing the name of his queen Nurjahan. True/False

Ans:True

Q25: The Sisodiya Rajputs were ruling over Ajmer. True/False

Ans:False

Q26: Who was Genghis Khan?

Ans:The founder of the Mongol Empire and the mother of Babur

Q27: When did the great Timurid Sultan, Timur Lane died?

Ans:1403

Q28: When did Timur Lane invaded India?

Ans:1398

Q29: Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi at__________.

Ans:Panipat

Q30: Name the Mansabdars who were allotted jagirs in their own region.

Ans:Rajputs

Q31: Name the autonomous state founded by Saadat Khan.

Ans:Awadh

Q32: During the reign of Babur and Humayun, majority of the nobles were of ___________ origin.

Ans:Turkish

Q33: Who founded the kingdom of Hyderabad?

Ans:Nizam - ul- Mulk

Q34: Where the religious discussions conducted by Akbar were held?

Ans:Ibadat Khana

Q35: Name the Mughal ruler who has followed the coparcenary inheritance.

Ans:Humayun

Q36: Mansab stands for ____________.

Ans:one rank

Q37: What determined the position of a Mansabdars?

Ans:zat rank

Q38: Higher, the zat rank, higher was the position of the mansabdars in the court. True/False

Ans:True

Q39: The system in which elder son succeeds father after death was _____________.

Ans:primogeniture inheritance

Q40: Coparcenary inheritance means division of the empire among brothers. True/False

Ans:True

Q41: Name The Maratha Chieftain who escaped from Agra and declared himself as an independent king.

Ans:Shivaji

Q42: Name the place captured by Akbar after the capture of the Sisodiya capital Chittor.

Ans:Qandahar

Q43: What was Mansab system?

Ans:Mansab system was a grading system used by the Mughal rulers to fix the rank or salary of a Mansabdar, who were basically their military commanders

Q44: What were the military responsibilities of Mansabdars?

Ans:Military responsibilities of Mansabdars were:

• The Mansabdar was required to maintain a specified number of cavalrymen
• The mansabdar had to bring his cavalrymen for review, get them registered and get their horses branded

Q45: Give a brief account of the conquests of Akbar?

Ans:When Akbar was crowned in 1556 A.D. the Mughal Empire was scattered. He established a vast kingdom by conquering other kingdoms.

• He captured Gwalior, Ajmer, Jaunpur and Malwa. He also succeeded in capturing the famous forts of Ranthambhor and Chittor.
• Military campaigns in Gujarat were followed by campaigns in the east in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. Akbar's armies also conquered Kabul, Sind and Baluchistan.
• From 1595 to 1601 the Mughal forces remained busy in the annexation of Berar, Khandesh and parts of Ahmadnagar.

•     Q46: Write short notes on the religious policies of the Akbar.

·         

·         Akbar's religious policy:

·         He followed a liberal religious policy. Full religious freedom was allowed not only to the Hindus but also to the people of other religious faith. Also, He built a building called 'Ibadat Khana' where he held discussions with the religious leaders.

·         Q10: Name the mothers of Jahangir and Shah Jahan.

·        

·         Ans:The mother of Jahangir was a Kachhwaha princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Amber. The mother of Shahjahan was a Rathor princess, daughter of the Rajput ruler of Marwar.

  Q12: What was Zabt and who were Zamindars?

·       

·         Ans:  Land revenue was the main source of income to the Mughal rulers. Revenue on each crop was fixed in cash. Each province was divided into revenue circles, with its own schedule of revenue rates for individual crops. This revenue system was known as 'zabt'.In most places, the headman or the local chieftain collected revenue from these peasants and deposited it in the royal treasury. The Mughals called these intermediaries, whether they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains, as zamindar.

1Q43: Who were Mansabdars?

·       

·         Ans: The term 'mansabdar' refers to an individual who holds a mansab, meaning a 'position or rank'. It was a grading system used by the Mughals to fix the rank, salary and military responsibilities. Rank and salary were determined by a numerical value called 'zat'. The higher the 'zat', the more prestigious was the noble's position in court and was larger his salary. 'Mansabdars' received their salaries as revenue assignments called 'jagirs' which were somewhat like iqtas.

·         Q14: Write short notes on Humayun.

·         View Answer

·         Ans:

·         Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor of India. He ascended the throne in 1530 AD. Humayun divided his inheritance according to the will of his father and equally distributed the province among his brothers. The ambitions of his brother Mirza Kamran weakened Humayun's cause against Afghan competitors. He was defeated by 'Shah Suri' at Chausa in 1529 A.D. and at Kanauj in 1540 A.D.which forced him to flee to Iran. He received the help from Safavid Shah to capture Delhi again in 1555 A.D. He died in the same year.

    Q15: Who was Jahangir?

·         

·         Ans.Jahangir became the ruler in 1605 AD. After the death of Akbar, military campaigns started by Akbar were continued by him. Jahangir married Nur Jahan. He maintained a good relationship with the Rajputs. He followed the principle of sulh-i-kul established by Akbar. He is remembered for his justice.He struck silver coins bearing his own titles on one side and on the other the inscription "struck in the name of the Queen Begum, Nur Jahan". Noor-Jahan ruled his empire when he was addicted to wine and opium. Jahangir died in 1627 A

    Q16: Who was Babur?

·         

·         Ans  Babar's real name was Zahir-ur-din. He was the ruler of a small state 'Farghana' in Central Asia. He invaded India 5 times. The vast wealth of India and poor political condition and invitation from the nobles of Delhi prompted Babar to march to Delhi. He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi the last Sultan of Lodhi dynasty at Panipat in A.D. 1526.He effectively used cannons in the first battle of Panipat. In A.D. 1527 he defeated Rana Sanga. In A.D. 1528 he defeated Rajputs in the battle of Chanderi. Before his death He had established effective control over Agra and Delhi. He died in 1530 A.D.

Chapter -4 extra questions (History)

Q1: Name the Pandya king who invaded Srilanka.

Ans:Shrimara Srivallabha

Q2: In which language the two bands of inscription were found written under the balcony of Qutab Minar?

Ans:Arabic language

Q3: State a Features of french churches that could be visible from a distance.

Ans:tall spires and bell towers

Q4: Name the first building that was constructed by using the architectural style pietra dura.

Ans:Taj Mahal

Q5: Corbelled technique was used in the construction of ___________.

Ans:Arch

Q6: Rajendra Chola was one of the powerful rulers of the Chola dynasty. True/ False

Ans:True

Q7: Qibla the direction faced by Muslims at prayer was where everybody faced when court was in session. True/ False

Ans:True

Q8: Bhairava is associated with Lord Shiva. True/ False

Ans:True

Q9: What was the name of the roof style that was adopted by rulers of Bengal?

Ans:a thatched hut

Q10: Name Mughal Emperor who has mentioned about Hindustan in his biography.

Ans:Babur

Q11: Baolis' were___________.

Ans:step wells

Q12: Who constructed the Kandariya Mahadeva temple

Ans:Chandela dynasty

Q13: Patterns created under the balcony of the Qutub Minar are_____________.

AnsTwo

Q14: How is the surface of the Qutub Minar?

Ans:Curved and angular bands of inscriptions

Q15: Name the Safe, protected and grandiose places of rest built by kings.

Ans:forts, palaces and tombs

Q16: Name the forms of domestic architecture which have survived from the eighteenth century.

Ans:havelis

Q17: Mahamandapa in temple construction is the name given to the ____________.

Ans:main hall

Q18: Charupallam is the name of a village near Madhurai. True/False

Ans:False

Q19: Who invaded Madhurai, the capital of the Pandyas?

Ans:Sena II

Q20: What do you mean by Qibla?

Ans:The direction in which muslims offer prayers

Q21: When a garden is divided into 4 symmetric gardens by artificial channels, they are called ________.

Ans:Chahar bagh

Q22: What was the other name of ceremonial halls during Shah Jahan?

Ans:Diwan-i khas or aam

Q23: The temples in Vrindavan were influenced by the Mughal palace in__________.

Ans:Fatehpur Sikri

Q24: What is the meaning of Pishtaq?

Ans:tall gateway

Q25: Why a 'keystone'was used?

Ans:In the construction of arch

Q26: Name the Rajputs clan that refused to accept Mughal authority.

Ans:Sisodiya clan

Q27: What is the name of the large step wells attached to buildings and tombs?

Ans:Baolis

Q28: Name the Pandya king who invaded Sri Lanka.

Ans:Shrimara Srivallabha

Q29: Rajendra I seized the sun pedestal from the ___________.

Ans:Chalukyas

Q30: What was the name of the architectural style of inlaying precious stones into the white marble?

Ans:pietra dura

Q31: The term Mughal represents the mixture of Mongols and Timurid Turks. True/False

Ans:True

Q32: The Somnath temple was destroyed by ___________.

Ans:Mahmud Ghazni

Q33: Who constructed Hauj-i-Sultani?

Ans:Shamsud- din-Iltutmish

Q34: Name some Safe, protected and grandiose places of rest built by kings.

Ans:forts, palaces and tombs

Q35: Name the forms of domestic architecture which have survived from the eighteenth century.

Ans:Havelis

Q36: Name the ruler who has been described in an inscription as having qualities of Moses and Solomon.

Ans:Alauddin

Q37: The Govind Deva in Vrindavan was constructed out of Red Sandstone. True/False

Ans:True

Q38: Where is tomb of Salim Chisti located?

Ans:Fatehpur Sikri